Thursday 11 December 2014

Tips For Restoring Permissions and ownership of Files in Redhat 6/7

Problem:
=======
Permissions and Ownership on critical system files (in /etc/) directory modified. This may cause the system to not boot, lots of errors and Kernel Panic.
cause:
=====
Someone accidentally typed chmod -R 777 /etc
Solution:
=========
The RPM package manager maintains a database for all files that it installs onto the system. This includes information such as the filename, installation path, owning package and the file system ownership and permissions (including SELinux file context information). In the event that ownership or permissions are inadvertently changed, for example, through accidental misuse of the chown or chmod commands, it is possible to revert these to their values as stored in the database.
1. To re-set ownership and permissions for all packages on the system:
root@ubuntu12:~# rpm –setperms -a
root@ubuntu12:~# rpm –setugids -a
2. To re-set ownership and permissions for a specific package on the system
root@ubuntu12:~# rpm –setperms <package name>
root@ubuntu12:~# rpm –setugids <package name>
……………….OR …………..
1) To reset uids and gids on files and directories :
root@ubuntu~:# for u in $(rpm -qa); do rpm –setugids $u; done
2) To permissions on files and directories
root@ubuntu12:~# for p in $(rpm -qa); do rpm –setperms $p; done

Article Source - http://www.rhce.co.in/tips-for-restoring-permissions-and-ownership-of-files-in-redhat-67/

Friday 28 November 2014

Commandments of RHEL 7

 RedHat breathed new life to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Operating system there by giving birth to enthralling RHEL 7 which transcends the boundaries of an OS with vessels for containerized applications. Hence RHEL 7 is no longer just a simple OS but an abstracted component in the larger RedHat ecosystem. For a flawless understanding of the significant features of RHEL 7 it would be better to go through the following 10 Red commandments 
• RHEL 7 offers an increased support for hosting Virtualized Windows server Edition than RHEL 6 and with an updated SAMBA 4, RHEL 7 is almost a member of Microsoft network 
• RHEL 7 has the responsibility of an OS subscription model which is tuned for a stable business deployment. It prevents instance of being out of support or highly re configured.
• RHEL 7 is a huge pile of code, running 4.3GB in the DVD ISO 
• Red Hat’s support of Linux containers (LXC) which helps the users to deploy Type-2, OS-based virtualization, rather than Type-1 bare metal hypervisors. LXC allows the container to be both lightweight and highly isolating.
• RHEL 7 support project atomic which allows moving a workload from one OS to another as transparent to workload. This becomes the job of relationship stack components especially open stack. Thus once an app tests successfully as an isolatable container instance, it can become a package, much as software appliances are found and deployed.
• RHEL 7 now uses the xfs file system instead of ext4 by default. This means that RHEL can handle extremely large file systems, as much as 8 exbabyte.
• RHEL 7 offers a tighter link to Active Directory. Hence those looking for a cross platform compatibility with Windows active directory receive new Kerberos support that allow them to do this.
• RHEL 7 is easier to install and deploy: The RHEL 7 kernel update to 3.20 is similar to Canonical’s implementation. In terms of distribution RHEL7 slightly easier to deploy on bare metal, and about the same on VMware, Hyper-V, and Citrix XenServer. 
• RHEL 7 is built for business environment at the installation time one should choose from several type of base environment like minimal, infrastructure server, file and print server, basic web server, virtualization host etc.
• RHEL 7 in peppy in terms of performance Gnome is very dynamic. And optimization of varying roles could be well documented. RedHat can increase output through a new feature of network port teaming.

Thursday 20 November 2014

Red Hat Cloud Infrastructure 5 Now Available

Gordon Tillmore, Red Hat
Earlier this week, we announced the release of Red Hat Cloud Infrastructure 5.  Customers can use  this recent release to move towards open hybrid cloud working alongside existing infrastructure investments, and allowing for workload portability from a customer’s private cloud to Amazon EC2, or the reverse, if desired.   The product is our Infrastructure-as-a-Service solution providing:
  • a flexible and open solution to build out a centrally managed heterogeneous virtualization environment,
  • a private cloud for traditional workloads based on virtualization technologies, and
  • a massively scalable OpenStack-based cloud for cloud-enabled workloads
Version 5 -an important release for Red Hat Cloud Infrastructure
Version 4 already included three tightly integrated Red Hat technologies: Red Hat CloudForms, an award winning Cloud Management Platform (CMP), Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, a full-featured enterprise virtualization solution, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, our fully supported, enterprise grade OpenStack offering.  Red Hat Enterprise Linux has also been a key ingredient, serving as the basis for Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, as well as a guest operating system at the tenant layer. And now, with Red Hat Cloud Infrastructure 5, Red Hat is introducing Satellite 6 to it’s award winning cloud infrastructure. Satellite 6 is accessible with no extra cost, to help organizations better manage the lifecycle of their cloud infrastructure.

To More RHCA Training please Visit on - www.rhce.co.in

With Red Hat Satellite  customers will have a lifecycle management solution that can significantly simplify and reduce the cost of managing virtual or private cloud infrastructures. Satellite provides systems lifecycle management  from the physical infrastructure itself to tenant workloads.  It can provision, update, and if necessary retire Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform hosts.  It can also deploy and configure Red Hat Enterprise Linux guests as opposed to simply provisioning empty virtual machines.

If you have RPM-based workloads, Satellite can be used to provision a virtual machine or instance containing your application to Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, VMware vSphere,  Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, or even Amazon EC2.  The inclusion of Satellite 6 in RHCI gives cloud operators and virtual infrastructure administrators greater control of their hosts and provides greater levels of automation for guest virtual machines and instances for tenants.

Satellite provides a variety of other lifecycle related benefits as well including the ability to work with CloudForms to recognize an out of date machine and automatically patch and update it as well as the ability to manage drift using the Puppet configuration management engine.  It can also be leveraged with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform Installer for faster deployments and controlled updates to Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, and detailed inventory and Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription reporting.
To learn more, we invite you to attend a webinar on November 19 entitled “Building and Managing a Hybrid Cloud with Red Hat Cloud Infrastructure.”  The webcast will feature IDC Senior Analyst Gary Chen and Red Hat Product Manager James Labocki.

Wednesday 5 November 2014

Prepare for the Red Hat Certified Engineer exam (EX300)

During the 4-day course, students will work at their own pace through the complete set of labs from both the RHCSA (Red Hat Certified System Administrator) Rapid Track course (RH199) and Red Hat System Administration III (RH254). The RHCE Certification Lab course includes a few instructor lectures designed to review key technologies such as systemd, firewalld, and IPv6. For the classroom and virtual classroom versions of this course, an instructor will be available throughout the week to assist students as they work through the labs.
Note: This version of the course includes the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) EX200 and Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) EX300 exams on the final day of the course.

Course content summary

  • Managing and troubleshooting systemd services during the boot process
  • Network configuration and basic troubleshooting
  • Managing local storage, creating and using file systems
  • Firewall management with firewalld
  • Automating installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux® using kickstart
  • Manage SELinux settings
  • Using NFS and Samba shared filesystems
  • Network port security and link aggregation
  • iSCSI initiator and target configuration
  • Domain Name System (DNS) troubleshooting and caching name server
  • Providing Network File System (NFS) and Server Message Block (SMB) file servers
  • Apache HTTPD web server management
  • MariaDB SQL datbase configuration
  • Postfix Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) nullclient for servers
  • Bash scripting for automation

Friday 31 October 2014

My tips for the Red Hat RHCE exam

Last week I attended the Red Hat RH300 course (fast track) in Amsterdam and did the RHCSA and RHCE exams on the final day. I passed both RHCSA (283/300 points) and RHCE (300/300 points). I had a great teacher because, apart from technical stuff, I also learned how to approach the exams.

The objectives for both RHCSA and RHCE are well documented on Red Hat’s site. You should start to make sure you know everything inside out. Practise, practise, practise. Learn to use the documentation that ships with RHEL, as this is the only help available: no internet access is provided during the exam. There are several books available that help prepare and Red Hat has very good courses as well, that I really recommend. I assume you should be able to study this all one way or the other.

One advise on this though: don’t try to remember everything but remember the references instead. If you know a man page has examples you can use, just remember the man page. If you know documentation is in a separate package, remember the package name. A references takes less ‘memory’ in your head, so you can remember more. This will speed up your work significantly.

But wait, technical knowledge is just one challenge. Watch out for the pitfalls:
Pitfall #1: Time
Most experienced Linux sysadmins will probably be able to pass the exam if there was no restriction on time. You could test, trial-and-error and read man pages all day long. Even start from scratch when you seriously broke something. Well, it’s time to wake up: in reality time on the exam is (very) limited. And yet many candidates do not manage their limited exam time.

A classic example: spending too much time on something that does not work right away. Instead, accept the fact it doesn’t work now and continue with other tasks or else time will run out. When you have given everything a first attempt, you can always return to a task that you skipped before.

Not only should you know immediately what to do when you read the tasks, you need to know the fastest way to configure something. Yes, the fastest way. Not the way you prefer to do it, or have been doing it until now. I’ve heard people complaining about the GUI/TUI tools. And I agree a GUI is not something you want on a server. But hey, if ‘system-config-authentication‘ has a ready to fill-in form and makes you configure LDAP with TLS and Kerberos in 60 seconds. Why would you want to go for the manual way on the exam? Yet, some feel they are better off configuring this on the command line. There’s simply no time for that approach, nor will it bring in more points. Be smart, take the fast track.

Pitfall #2: Your assumptions
Reading is a big problem because candidates tend not do read very well on the exam. Especially when aware of Pitfall #1, they will not spend the first few minutes reading instructions. A waste of time, right? But in reality this will cost precious time later on because assumptions are made, but never checked. Is it a good idea to start working on something, without seeing the bigger picture?

I don’t think so. Sometimes, tasks are related but not grouped together. When you read everything first, you might find that doing two tasks together is easier. Or you might choose a different approach based on all information, instead on just a single task. Reading ahead helps you understand the bigger picture.

Imagine you are asked to configure, let’s say, NTP. Some assume they have to sync to a time source that is provided and then have to setup a NTP server and serve time to the local network. But isn’t is a waste of time to configure a NTP server, when all you have to do is setup a NTP client? This also occurs with tweaking configurations more than is being asked for. Keep it simple and do exactly what is asked for.

How I avoided the pitfalls
Value your own work through the eyes of a customer. Example: if a web server is perfectly configured but a firewall prevents access to it, then this does not work for a client. Website is down: zero value. Red Hat might also values your work on the exam like this. Keep that in mind.
Structure is another important thing to work on. This was my approach on the exam:
1. Imagine you are working for a client that has written down everything they want from you. Read it all and try to understand the bigger picture. Then reorganize it: group together what belongs to each other.
2. Install everything at once. After step 1 you should have identified all packages you need to install. Do it now. Then ‘chkconfig on‘ every service you will configure later. Why? Because it is easy and it prevents forgetting it later on. Remember: a perfectly configured service that does not start at boot brings in zero points.
3. Then setup the firewall for the services you identified at step 1 and installed at step 2. You probably need to tweak this as you go through the tasks, but just setup the basics now. This will make it easier later on.
On my exam the first 3 steps took less than 20 minutes and provided a solid base to build on.
4. Work through all tasks and remember: Be smart, take the fast track. Also, skip any task that you are stuck on for more than 10 minutes.
Reboot a few times and recheck everything you have finished so far. Your work is reviewed after a reboot anyway, so you should make sure your changes survive a reboot. The sooner you find a problem, the sooner you will be able to solve it.
5. When everything is done, carefully check the items a final time. Then you’re done. And, you probably have some time left!


Monday 13 October 2014

RHCE Exam Objectives

RHCE exam candidates should be able to accomplish the following without assistance. These have been grouped into several categories.

System Configuration and Management

  • Route IP traffic and create static routes
  • Use iptables to implement packet filtering and configure network address translation (NAT)
  • Use /proc/sys and sysctl to modify and set kernel run-time parameters
  • Configure system to authenticate using Kerberos
  • Build a simple RPM that packages a single file
  • Configure a system as an iSCSI initiator that persistently mounts an iSCSI target
  • Produce and deliver reports on system utilization (processor, memory, disk, and network)
  • Use shell scripting to automate system maintenance tasks
  • Configure a system to log to a remote system
  • Configure a system to accept logging from a remote system

Network Services

Network services are an important subset of the exam objectives. RHCE candidates should be capable of meeting the following objectives for each of the network services listed below:
  • Install the packages needed to provide the service
  • Configure SELinux to support the service
  • Configure the service to start when the system is booted
  • Configure the service for basic operation
  • Configure host-based and user-based security for the service
RHCE candidates should also be capable of meeting the following objectives associated with specific services:

HTTP/HTTPS

  • Configure a virtual host
  • Configure private directories
  • Deploy a basic CGI application
  • Configure group-managed content

DNS

  • Configure a caching-only name server
  • Configure a caching-only name server to forward DNS queries
  • Note: Candidates are not expected to configure master or slave name servers

FTP

  • Configure anonymous-only download

NFS

  • Provide network shares to specific clients
  • Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration

SMB

  • Provide network shares to specific clients
  • Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration

SMTP

  • Configure a mail transfer agent (MTA) to accept inbound email from other systems
  • Configure an MTA to forward (relay) email through a smart host

SSH

  • Configure key-based authentication
  • Configure additional options described in documentation
Reference:

Friday 10 October 2014

RHCSA: A New Base Level Certification From Red Hat

The new version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is now released and with this new arrival, certifications under RHEL 6will no longer be current. Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) exam is no longer offered by Red Hat. RHCT exam is now replaced by RHCSA (Red Hat Certified System Administrator). This article attempts to provide a clear picture about new changes in RHCE certification.

RHCSA is the new addition to the performance based certifications, to strengthen IT professionals with superior training and performance based assessments in the IT industry. The certification title itself indicates more precise description of the duties held by people with this certification. More over RHCSA is built with thorough analysis of the knowledge and skills needed for modern system administrators. This is an outcome of technical survey, task analysis and feed backs from professionals world wide. In effect RHCSA is similar to RHCT except with some additions to include the result of feed backs from professionals.

RHCSA is the base system administration certification. Now onwards those wishing to earn RHCE on RHEL 7 must get RHCSA and write separate exam for RHCE. RHCE is now upgraded as a higher level system administration certification. A current RHCE will remain as prerequisite for advanced level certifications from Red Hat.

The main changes with RHCE exam on RHEL 7 is that previous RHCE Exam will be replaced by RHCSA Exam  and updated RHCE Exam . These two exams are now separate and RHCSA is not embedded with RHCE as RHCT was earlier. It is not necessary that one must get RHCSA first, before being eligible to write RHCE exam. If one passes RHCE exam first, then their record will be retained and when they passes RHCSA the earlier RHCE will be clubbed and person will be then RHCSA and RHCE. RHCSA exam is also performance based which evaluates skills through hands-on lab based system.

Certifications from Red Hat provide validation of a professional's technical expertise and knowledge. Nowadays enterprises looking for employees can give more preference to certifications as an input into hiring, promotions and other allowances, as these certifications are obtained from performance based exams.

Monday 6 October 2014

First Look at RHCE for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

With the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, the RHCSA and RHCE certification exams have been changed and updated for the new version of the operating system.  There are some new testing elements that are included in the new exam.

The new exam objectives are available on Red Hat’s web site and one of the first things I’ve noticed is that the exam is now 4 hours whereas the RHCE 6 exam was 2 hours long.
Some of the new items I noticed are:

System configuration and management

  • Use network teaming or bonding to configure aggregated network links between two Red Hat Enterprise Linux systems.
  • Configure IPv6 addresses and perform basic IPv6 troubleshooting.
  • Use FirewallD, including Rich Rules, Zones and custom rules, to implement packet filtering and configure network address translation (NAT).

Network Services

  • Configure SELinux to support the service.
  • Use SELinux port labelling to allow services to use non-standard ports.
  • Configure the service to start when the system is booted.
  • Configure the service for basic operation.
  • Configure host-based and user-based security for the service.
HTTP/HTTPS
  • Configure TLS security

Database Services

  • Install and configure MariaDB.
  • Backup and restore a database.
  • Create a simple database schema.
  • Perform simple SQL queries against a database.
I like many of you are in need of passing this exam to keep my RHCE certification and plan on creating a comprehensive guide to cover these new topics and there others necessary to pass.  As always I would love to hear from you regarding any of these new topics and you you use them.  I will work to make regular updates until I have covered all of the RHCE 7 topics.

Saturday 27 September 2014

Career in Linux Administration

Linux usage has grown rapidly among American companies. Most experts estimate there are nearly 10 million Linux users today and that as many as 40% of all new servers sold have Linux installations.
Advantages Of Linux are:
1.) Linux is free.
2.) Linux can run on as little as 150 Mb of space and can run on as little as 2Mb of Ram.
3.) A Full Multitasking, Multiuser and Time Sharing OS.
4.) A portion of the hard disk can be used as the Ram thus creating room for virtual Ram.
5.) It have got windows like X-Windows system, and GNOME and KDE desktops.
6.) For networking, it uses standard TCP/IP protocols.
7.) The source code is freely available.
8) It is based on current stable Kernel version.
9.) It has a great documentation to work on.
10.) Red Hat package manager is included to update the utilities or to delete the utilities.
11.) Source Code is Included with the OS.
12.) Red Hat is considered as the most secure Operating System as of today.
As companies continue to adopt the Linux operating system, employers are increasingly looking for individuals competent with Linux. One good way to demonstrate that competency is through certification like RHCE (Red Hat Certified Engineer) or RHCT (Red Hat Certified Technician).

Monday 8 September 2014

Overview and Benefits of Red Hat Certifications

Red Hat is a company in the free and open source software sector, and a major Linux distribution vendor. It is based in California, and caters to worldwide operations. It is not only respected for its technical proficiency, but also for the social initiatives taken by it. RHCE engineers are part of the "One laptop per child" initiative. It is one of the few rare companies to involve itself in the dissemination of technology and information - worldwide, and at all economic levels and social orders.

Alongside this, Red Hat has always managed to be at the forefront of interactive media - by making it appeal to the target audience in the best way possible.

Benefits of Red Hat Certification Programs:
Red Hat certifications are among the most respected credentials in IT. They are a judge of whether the candidate can perform real world tasks based on his knowledge and experience. So it requires one to be an expert in all the RHCE products. And this is what the certification does - prove that you are an expert in the handling of RHCE products, and can be relied on for any technical assistance.

The program is flexible and works on a hierarchical model. Choosing the right certification depends on your background, job role and goals. It also depends on the amount and type of experience you have in handling and working with RHCE products.

You can work in a number of roles, from a technician, to an engineer and even an architect of the products, depending on what you choose for yourself. This gives you the power to ascertain for yourself how little or how much you want to get immersed in the product development and management.
In the IT sector, it is one of the best opportunities to be recognised for your skills and knowledge.

To know more about Hot RHCE certification training and resources for RHCT certification training, feel free to ask me or visit my site. Thank you. 

Tuesday 2 September 2014

How To Get A Red Hat Linux Certification

Why Should I Get A Linux Certification?

Well, the first question you might have is why should you get a Linux certification? The answer to this is similar to getting certifications in general. It helps to prove your knowledge in the Linux operating system, by testing and passing a minimum standard of knowledge
.
It can also help you get a job in the industry. Many jobs require or prefer a certification in Linux, such as Linux administrators or general server administrators. It can also add to your existing Linux knowledge, which you could apply to your current job.

Which Linux Certification Should I Get?

This could be an entire post on its own - but I'll include all the information here in one convenient place.
There are four main providers of Linux certifications, and they all offer a range of different certifications for different levels.

Novell
They offer a range of certifications, with labels of Engineer, Professional and Desktop Administrator.
  • Certified Linux Engineer 11 (CLE11) - provides engineer-level skills for managers and architects on large systems based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11. You need to have passed the Certified Linux Professional 11 exam to be eligible for this.

  • Certified Linux Administrator 11 (CLA 11) - a new certification, focusing on daily operation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server networks.

  • Certified Linux Desktop Administrator (CLDA) - focused on those with Windows desktop experience and wish to learn about SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop.

  • Certified Linux Professional 11 (CLP 11) - provides skills necessary to administrate SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
CompTIA

ComptTIA only provide a single Linux certification, the Linux+.
  • Linux+ - an entry-level certification for those looking to get into the Linux field. Vendor neutral.
Linux Professional Institute
The Linux Professional Institute, otherwise known as LPI, offer a few Linux certifications.
  • Linux Professional Institute Certification Level 1 (LPIC-1) - a junior level Linux certification that tests basic skills in major Linux distributions.

  • Linux Professional Institute Certification Level 2 (LPIC-2) - an advanced level Linux certification that includes skills in administration. Passing the LPIC-1 is required for this.

  • Linux Professional Institute Certification Level 3 (LPIC-3) - a senior-level Linux certification for major Linux distributions that offers several specialties. Passing the LPIC-2 is required for this.
Red Hat
Red Hat offer a few certifications for their distribution of Linux.
  • Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) - a lower-level Linux certification that covers the basics of administration.

  • Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) - more advanced Linux certification, aimed at experienced Linux professionals. Passing the RHCSA is a requirement for this certification.

  • Red Hat Certified Virtualization Administrator (RHCVA) - focused on deploying virtual hosts in the Linux environment

  • Red Hat Certified Security Specialist (RHCSS) - focused on security features and areas of Linux

  • Red Hat Certified Datacentre Specialist (RHCDS) - focused on the requirements for administrating and supporting datacentre environments

  • Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA) - the highest level of Red Hat certification, this focuses on expert topics of Linux administration and usage.
So, the answer to which Linux certification should you get?
It depends on your experience and requirements. There are several junior Linux certifications (Linux+, RHCSA, LPIC, CLE11) that could be useful if you're looking to start out.
More advanced certifications such as the RHCE, LPIC-2, CLA11 and CLP11 can be beneficial if you have more experience. If you're a senior professional in the Linux area, I'd look into the RHCA or the LPIC-3.
However, this article is focused on the Red Hat certifications, so we're going to look at how to get a Red Hat Linux certification in this article.

How To Get A Red Hat Linux Certification

The steps to getting a Red Hat Linux certification are fairly straight forward. I mean, the concept is simple, but actually doing the work and getting the certification can be tough, especially for the more advanced certifications.
The process you can follow is something like this:
  • Determine which certification to get. This will come down to two things - which one you want, and which one you're eligible for. Have a look at the requirements and recommended experience for each of the certifications, and make a decision. Many of them are based on junior/intermediate/expert levels, and have prerequisite exams, which limits your choices. The Red Hat Certified System Administrator is a good place to start, if you're not sure.

  • Determine the requirements. Confirm the requirements on the official website. This may include previous exams, years of experience, and certain knowledge. You should be eligible to sit the exam before attempting to study for it.

  • Enroll in the course. Make an enrolment into the course, and set an exam date. Yes, do this before you even start studying. This will give you a deadline, and subconsciously motivate you to study more and get it done quicker. Without a set date, the study may just never happen.

  • Study. Read the material, get familiar with the course work and the included topics. Take notes, practice, and learn.

  • Sit the exam. Depending on the exam, it will be either a theory exam based on computers, or a live exam where you perform on a Linux machine.

  • Pass. Knowing your material and getting the questions right will mean you pass the exam.

  • Celebrate! Well done, you've passed the exam and earned a certification! All your hard work has paid off and now you're Red Hat Linux Certified!
For more IT career tips and information on how YOU can improve YOUR IT career, such as RHCE Training in Jaipur visit LinuxWorldIndia.org
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7713080

Thursday 7 August 2014

RHCE Exam objectives — RHCE

This exam and the exam objectives provided here are based on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 version of the exam. We are offering Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) Exam (EX300) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 via onsite and Individual Exam Sessions. View the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 exam objectives.
This guide provides information candidates may use in preparing to take the Red Hat® Certified Engineer (RHCE®) exam on Red Hat Enterprise Linux® 7. Red Hat is not responsible for the content or accuracy of other guides, books, online resources, or any other information provided by organizations or individuals other than Red Hat Training and Certification. Red Hat reserves the right to change this guide when appropriate. Candidates who have enrolled in forthcoming classes or exams are advised to check this guide periodically for changes.
Prospective employers should verify any and all claims by people claiming to hold this credential by requesting their certificate numbers and verifying it with the Red Hat certification verification tool online.
To earn the RHCE credential, one must also pass the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) exam. Someone can enroll in and take the RHCE exam without first having passed the RHCSA exam, but RHCE certification will not be issued until both credentials are earned by a candidate. In the event that a candidate has not yet earned RHCSA, Red Hat will retain the candidate's RHCE exam record and will attach that record to a candidates' RHCSA record once it is earned at a later date.

Performance-based exams

The RHCE exam is a performance-based evaluation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux system administration skills and knowledge. Candidates perform a number of routine system administration tasks and are evaluated on whether they have met specific objective criteria. Performance-based testing means that candidates must perform tasks similar to what they must perform on the job.

Authorized Training Partners

Only Red Hat and Red Hat Certified Training Partners administer the RHCE exam. Prospective candidates should exercise due diligence when purchasing a seat in an RHCE exam from a provider other than Red Hat itself. They should verify that the provider is, in fact, an authorized training partner or reseller in good standing. Please notify training@redhat.com about organizations that claim to offer the RHCE exam but are not Red Hat Certified Training Partners.

Scores and Reporting

Official scores for the RHCE Version 7 Training  exams come exclusively from Red Hat Certification Central. Red Hat does not authorize examiners, training partners, or other departments or individuals within Red Hat to report results to candidates. Scores on the exam are reported within 3 US business days.
Red Hat does not report performance on individual items, nor will it provide additional information upon request. This policy helps ensure impartiality and fairness for all candidates worldwide. Scores are used to establish whether certification should be issued and are reported for the benefit of candidates. Red Hat makes no representations regarding the use of scores for any other purpose, such as ranking or comparing candidates.

Format of the RHCE exam

The RHCE exam is a hands-on, practical exam that lasts 4 hours. Internet access is not provided during the exam. Outside materials are not permitted. Documentation that ships with Red Hat Enterprise Linux is available during the exam. Red Hat reserves the right to make changes to the format, including timing and the policies above. Such changes will be made public in advance through revisions to this document.

Preparation for the RHCE exam

Red Hat encourages all candidates for RHCE to consider taking one or more of its official training courses to help prepare. Attendance in these classes is not required, and one can choose to take just an exam. Many successful candidates who have come to class already possessing substantial skills and knowledge report that the class made a positive difference for them. To help you determine the best courses to take, Red Hat provides online skills assessment.
While attending Red Hat's classes can be an important part of one's preparation, attending class does not guarantee success on the exam. Previous experience, practice, and native aptitude are also important determinants of success.
Many books and other resources on system administration for Red Hat's products are available. Red Hat does not endorse any as preparation guides for any exams. Nevertheless, candidates may find additional reading deepens understanding and can prove helpful.

Exam objectives

RHCE exam candidates should consult the RHCSA exam objectives and be capable of RHCSA-level tasks, as some of these skills may be required in order to meet RHCE exam objectives. Red Hat reserves the right to add, modify, and remove objectives. Such changes will be made public in advance through revisions to this document. RHCE exam candidates should be able to accomplish the following without assistance. These have been grouped into several categories.

System configuration and management

  • Use network teaming or bonding to configure aggregated network links between two Red Hat Enterprise Linux systems.
  • Configure IPv6 addresses and perform basic IPv6 troubleshooting.
  • Route IP traffic and create static routes.
  • Use FirewallD, including Rich Rules, Zones and custom rules, to implement packet filtering and configure network address translation (NAT).
  • Use /proc/sys and sysctl to modify and set kernel runtime parameters.
  • Configure a system to authenticate using Kerberos.
  • Configure a systems as either an iSCSI target or initiator that persistently mounts an iSCSI target.
  • Produce and deliver reports on system utilization (processor, memory, disk, and network).
  • Use shell scripting to automate system maintenance tasks.
  • Configure a system to log to a remote system.
  • Configure a system to accept logging from a remote system.

Network Services

Network services are an important subset of the exam objectives. RHCE candidates should be capable of meeting the following objectives for each of the network services listed below:
  • Install the packages needed to provide the service.
  • Configure SELinux to support the service.
  • Use SELinux port labelling to allow services to use non-standard ports.
  • Configure the service to start when the system is booted.
  • Configure the service for basic operation.
  • Configure host-based and user-based security for the service.

HTTP/HTTPS

  • Configure a virtual host.
  • Configure private directories.
  • Deploy a basic CGI application.
  • Configure group-managed content.
  • Configure TLS security

DNS

  • Configure a caching-only name server.
  • Troubleshoot DNS client issues.

NFS

  • Provide network shares to specific clients.
  • Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration.
  • Use Kerberos to control access to NFS network shares.

SMB

  • Provide network shares to specific clients.
  • Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration.

SMTP

  • Configure a system to forward all email to a central mail server.

SSH

  • Configure key-based authentication.
  • Configure additional options described in documentation.

NTP

  • Synchronize time using other NTP peers.

Database Services

  • Install and configure MariaDB.
  • Backup and restore a database.
  • Create a simple database schema.
  • Perform simple SQL queries against a database

Tuesday 29 July 2014

Red Hat Announces Updated Training for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Enhanced courses to help IT professionals install, configure, and maintain Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 environments
Raleigh, N.C. – June 16, 2014 – Red Hat, Inc. (NYSE: RHT), the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced the launch of several updated system administration training courses and certification exams, to teach and qualify students on how to install, configure, deploy, and troubleshoot Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

The courses continue to feature a hands-on, lab-based environment to provide IT professionals with the skill-sets they need to implement and maintain Linux deployments. The new curriculum places greater emphasis on enterprise administration skills including command line administration, shell scripting, diagnostics and troubleshooting. The courses will be available via traditional classrooms, live virtual training, online, or on-site at customers locations for private team training.

Celebrating 15 years of preparing professionals for open innovation, Red Hat Training courses benefit both students and the companies they work for by delivering some of the most comprehensive curricula regarding Red Hat technology. Oriented around real-world job roles and tasks, Red Hat's training and certifications help enterprises have confidence that their IT departments are getting the most out of their Red Hat environments.

In addition to the more than 40 training courses Red Hat Training currently offers, the updated courses include:
  • Red Hat System Administration I (RH124) – This course focuses on providing students with Linux administration "survival skills" by focusing on core administration tasks. System Admin I also provides a foundation for students wishing to become full time Linux system administrators by introducing key command line concepts and other enterprise level tools such as systemd. It is part one of a two-part course pairing to provide students with the core system administration tasks needed to earn their RHCSA and to be a full time Linux administrator.
  • Red Hat System Administration II (RH134) – This course is specifically designed for students who have completed RH124. It dives deeper into enterprise Linux administration, including file systems and partitioning, LVM, SELinux, firewalld, and accessing storage with SMB and NFS. Together with Red Hat System Administration I, it can help prepare a candidate for the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) exam.
  • RHCSA Rapid Track Course (RH199) – This course is designed for students who already have significant experience with Linux administration. The course reviews the tasks covered in Red Hat System Administration I and II, but at an accelerated pace. On completion of course materials, experienced Linux admins should be prepared to take the RHCE exam.
  • Red Hat System Administration III (RH254) – Available soon, this course is for experienced Linux system administrators who hold a Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) certification or equivalent skills, and focuses on deploying and managing advanced network server services, including: caching DNS services, MariaDB, Apache HTTPD, Postfix SMTP nullclients, network file sharing with NFS and SMB, iSCSI initiators and targets, advanced networking and firewalld configurations, and the use of bash shell scripting to help automate, configure, and troubleshoot the system. This course can also help candidates in their preparation for the Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) exam.
  • RHCE Certification Lab (RH299) - Available soon, this course (formerly known as the RHCE Rapid Track Course) is designed for students seeking a hands-on, lab-based review prior to taking the Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) exam. It reviews the labs from RHCSA Rapid Track Course and Red Hat® System Administration III to prepare for the Red Hat Certified Engineer Exam (EX300).

The updated exams include:
  • Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) (EX200) - The performance-based RHCSA Exam (EX200) tests an IT professionals Red Hat Enterprise Linux system administration knowledge and skills.
  • Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) Exam (EX300) – Available soon, the performance-based RHCE Exam (EX300) tests an IT professionals knowledge, skill, and ability to meet those required of a senior system administrator responsible for Red Hat Enterprise Linux systems. The Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) certification is required to earn Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) certification.
To More about the RHCE Version 7 please visit on -- http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/6/red-hat-announces-updated-training-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7

Thursday 24 July 2014

RHCSA: A New Base Level Certification From Red Hat

The new version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is now released and with this new arrival, certifications under RHEL 4 will no longer be current. Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) exam is no longer offered by Red Hat. RHCT exam is now replaced by RHCSA (Red Hat Certified System Administrator). This article attempts to provide a clear picture about new changes in RHCE certification.

RHCSA is the new addition to the performance based certifications, to strengthen IT professionals with superior training and performance based assessments in the IT industry. The certification title itself indicates more precise description of the duties held by people with this certification. More over RHCSA is built with thorough analysis of the knowledge and skills needed for modern system administrators. This is an outcome of technical survey, task analysis and feed backs from professionals world wide. In effect RHCSA is similar to RHCT except with some additions to include the result of feed backs from professionals.
RHCSA is the base system administration certification. Now onwards those wishing to earn RHCE on RHEL 6 must get RHCSA and write separate exam for RHCE. RHCE is now upgraded as a higher level system administration certification. A current RHCE will remain as prerequisite for advanced level certifications from Red Hat.

The main changes with RHCE exam on RHEL 6 is that previous Redhat Certification Exam (RHCE) Center in Jaipur (RH302) will be replaced by RHCSA Exam (EX 200) and updated RHCE Exam (EX300). These two exams are now separate and RHCSA is not embedded with RHCE as RHCT was earlier. It is not necessary that one must get RHCSA first, before being eligible to write RHCE exam. If one passes RHCE exam first, then their record will be retained and when they passes RHCSA the earlier RHCE will be clubbed and person will be then RHCSA and RHCE. RHCSA exam is also performance based which evaluates skills through hands-on lab based system.

Certifications from Red Hat provide validation of a professional's technical expertise and knowledge. Nowadays enterprises looking for employees can give more preference to certifications as an input into hiring, promotions and other allowances, as these certifications are obtained from performance based exams.

Saturday 19 July 2014

Become a Linux Expert With RHCE Training

Windows are the operating system of choice for the masses, but when it comes to power user and technology enthusiasts who need greater power and flexibility, Linux leads the race.. This open, and very powerful system is used by nearly every major website today, and is popular because of how secure it is and how configurable the platform is. The same configurability also makes it an incredibly difficult technology to master. As Linux becomes more popular, a growing demand in the industry is being felt for IT professionals who know how to properly use Linux. Red Hat, which offers one of the most used enterprise flavors of Linux in the world, offers an RHCE training program where you can learn how to properly use the Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and to master its many advanced features.

Red Hat training can offer you a great career
RHCE, or Red Hat Certified Engineer, is an advanced course that will help you learn how to use a Linux system and troubleshoot it whenever required. It covers topics like package management, network configuration, kernel configuration and management, virtualization, and troubleshooting. This Red Hat certification program is a great way to quickly learn about the enterprise version of Red Hat Linux, and helps you learn how to:
  • Configure static routes, network address translation, and static routes
  • Set and troubleshoot kernel runtime parameters
  • Configure iSCSI initiator
  • Shell scripting
  • Configure networking services on a computer
RHCE certification training is a good way to learn advanced Linux concepts and become capable of facing the many small challenges that a network administrator may have to face. It is a well known and much respected certification and will greatly help you in your career.
Take advantage of Red Hat Linux administration training to secure a great job
Mastering Red Hat Linux administration training will make you capable of running an entire network on your own. Successful completion of this certification will ensure that you can easily get placed with any company that requires the services of a capable Linux network administrator. As more and more companies switch their servers to Linux, the demand of such professionals is only going to increase in now-a-days, and you will find greater opportunities with each passing year. It is a strenuous program and requires a lot of effort on your part, but once you have attained the certification, the rewards are more than worth it.

Thursday 17 July 2014

RHCE Boot Camp Training - Way to Turbo Change Your IT Career

Owing to the uncertainty of global economy, IT professionals are seeking newer ways to plot or shape their career goals. One way to seek changes and improvement is to go for a career upgradation, by pursuing new IT training courses or completely switching their career by moving into completely newer technology. In pursuit of better career prospects one of the best ways is to choose one of the various Red Hat training courses. Since, Linux has a wide user base and completely dominates the market. The demands are continuously increasing of Linux professionals and Red Hat being one of the most significant Linux distributions, professionals having gained RHCE training course really enjoy the best services, like career boosts, higher pay packs and value in the organization etc.

Why Linux?
These days majority of the Web servers are running on Linux, than on any other operating system. More and more IT biggies have already deployed Linux or are considering using Linux in near future. So, this booming usage of Linux mainly the Red Hat distribution has increased the demands for RHCE training and certification holders.

Linux training is a substantial way to show ones expertise in Linux Operating System. These Linux trainings are encouraging for users, programmers, administrators and buyers of Linux systems.

Why RHCE training course?
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) is one of the leading certification for Linux network administrators. RHCE training has become a worldwide standard for many successful IT companies, which eventually has increased demand and importance of RHCE certification holders.

The RHCE certification holders are those who configure networking services and security on servers running a Linux Operating System. More precisely, RHCE certification is a mid to advanced level certification for IT professionals for those who are capable of performing certain tasks, like:
• Install and configure Linux
• Configure basic networking and file systems for a network
• Understand limitations of hardware
• Configure the X Window System
• Configure basic security for a network server
• Perform essential Linux system administration, set up and manage common enterprise networking (IP) services for the organization and carry out server.


RHCE bootcamp training course provides one with a strategized and well focused Red Hat learning. In Red Hat bootcamp trainings one feel totally immersed in the courseware and gains knowledge swiftly and effectively which otherwise takes months to acquire.

RHCE bootcamp course is actually a money saver as well. This intensive program is less expensive than other training methodologies. In IT bootcamp training one gets extra hours of training and also gets extra lab access and remote labs that goes beyond the class.

Saturday 28 June 2014

Career in Linux Administration

Linux usage has grown rapidly among American companies. Most experts estimate there are nearly 10 million Linux users today and that as many as 40% of all new servers sold have Linux installations.
Advantages Of Linux are:
1.) Linux is free.
2.) Linux can run on as little as 150 Mb of space and can run on as little as 2Mb of Ram.
3.) A Full Multitasking, Multiuser and Time Sharing OS.
4.) A portion of the hard disk can be used as the Ram thus creating room for virtual Ram.
5.) It have got windows like X-Windows system, and GNOME and KDE desktops.
6.) For networking, it uses standard TCP/IP protocols.
7.) The source code is freely available.
8) It is based on current stable Kernel version.
9.) It has a great documentation to work on.
10.) Red Hat package manager is included to update the utilities or to delete the utilities.
11.) Source Code is Included with the OS.
12.) Red Hat is considered as the most secure Operating System as of today.
As companies continue to adopt the Linux operating system, employers are increasingly looking for individuals competent with Linux. One good way to demonstrate that competency is through certification like RHCE (Red Hat Certified Engineer) or RHCT (Red Hat Certified Technician).

Tuesday 24 June 2014

Authorized RHCSA Courses Jaipur


LinuxWorld Informatics Pvt Ltd is pleased to introduce new Authorized RHCSA Courses in Jaipur. It’s a course that wins you a performance based certification – Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA). The course is designed to align with industry-required skills. Students get the opportunity to attend theoretical classes of most skilled teachers of the industry and practical learning in well-settled labs.
LinuxWorld Informatics Pvt Ltd is the authorised Red Hat Training Partner and Exam Centre. LinuxWorld has 12 years of experience in the industry. We pay more attention toward enhancing the practical know-how of the students, so that they can use their skills to achieve their career goals. In past few years, we have trained over a hundred students, and today they are serving some of the well-known companies as System Administrators.
After completion of the training program, the students are required to appear for an online test. The test is conducted in coordination with RedHat. The students are awarded with a certificate which is globally accepted.
Our Authorized RHCSA Courses in Jaipur include:
  • Graphical installation of Linux
  • Managing physical storage
  • Introduction to the command line
  • Installing and configuring local components and services
  • Establishing and securing networks
  • Managing file security
  • Administrating users and groups
  • Deploying file-sharing services
  • Basic security skills
Join for the Authorized RHCE Institute in Jaipur and give your career a new shape.

Friday 20 June 2014

How To Get A Red Hat Linux Certification

The steps to getting a Red Hat Linux certification are fairly straight forward. I mean, the concept is simple, but actually doing the work and getting the certification can be tough, especially for the more advanced certifications.
The process you can follow is something like this:
  • Determine which certification to get. This will come down to two things - which one you want, and which one you're eligible for. Have a look at the requirements and recommended experience for each of the certifications, and make a decision. Many of them are based on junior/intermediate/expert levels, and have prerequisite exams, which limits your choices. The Red Hat Certified System Administrator is a good place to start, if you're not sure.

  • Determine the requirements. Confirm the requirements on the official website. This may include previous exams, years of experience, and certain knowledge. You should be eligible to sit the exam before attempting to study for it.

  • Enroll in the course. Make an enrolment into the course, and set an exam date. Yes, do this before you even start studying. This will give you a deadline, and subconsciously motivate you to study more and get it done quicker. Without a set date, the study may just never happen.

  • Study. Read the material, get familiar with the course work and the included topics. Take notes, practice, and learn.

  • Sit the exam. Depending on the exam, it will be either a theory exam based on computers, or a live exam where you perform on a Linux machine.

  • Pass. Knowing your material and getting the questions right will mean you pass the exam.

  • Celebrate! Well done, you've passed the exam and earned a certification! All your hard work has paid off and now you're RHCE Training in Jaipur Linux Certified!

Wednesday 18 June 2014

Cloud Computing Is Becoming the Future

Cloud computing is the future and the future is now. As many are aware, the Internet can be considered a broad form of cloud computing. The original, the actual term itself is a mystery, but its general use stems from the tendency of people to use a diagram of a cloud when discussing networking. Over the last several years, there has been a large and determined push for businesses to modernize their operations through the use of cloud resources. As is the case with any new business innovation, cloud service suppliers have stepped up to meet those needs. Cloud storage allows business employees to collaborate across the building or across promising projects at the same time often in real time. One well-known example used by many ordinary citizens is Google Docs, as copies of the document are readily shared between users and can be edited and new copies disseminated in a matter of minutes.

Cloud computing offers many benefits, but as with anything in business or life in general, price is always a consideration. Should you opt for a set amount of storage, or go for the à la carte option and pay only for the amount of storage you use? Each option has its advantages; a set subscription price means that you can more effectively budget because you already know how much you'll be paying each month for your allotted storage.
The Cons of Cloud Computing 

However, poor planning could lead to an unexpected need for more storage, and this could result in greater cost, as you will see when you contact the company you need to purchase more storage space. The à la carte option offers a similar trap in that you can generally establish a baseline of how much storage you use in a given period, but if there is an upsurge in business or there are several increases in the need for access, your à la carte charges could be incredibly large.

Other concerns when selecting Cloud Computing Training in Jaipur solution include security, and operational costs. In theory, cloud computing reduces both the workload and the cost of operating a business IT department. When it comes to the issue of data security, with all of your data stored in a central point your company will be free to focus its security efforts on a single point. However, the cost of training your existing IT staff to effectively utilize cloud computing resources may be prohibited.
Surprisingly enough, or maybe not If you know history of the Internet, is that the next innovation in cloud computing might come from the United States government. The FCC is currently drawing up a proposal that would create "super Wi-Fi" networks throughout the United States. This massive network would provide free Wi-Fi in all major cities as well as providing Wi-Fi Internet access to many rural areas, that in itself is a big change for many. So knowing what the FCC is currently up to how do you think that it is going to affect you, your family, community and businesses?